Burma’s military has been accused of planting land mines in the path of Rohingya Muslims fleeing violence in its western Rakhine state.

Amnesty International reported two people were wounded on Sunday as 300,000 Rohingya have fled into Bangladesh the past fortnight following what they deem government-sponsored persecution.

Refugee accounts of the latest outbreak of violence in Rakhine have typically described shootings by soldiers and arson attacks on villages in Burma, also known as Myanmar.

Young supporters of Jamaat-e-Islami, a Pakistani religious group, take part in a rally to condemn ongoing violence against the Rohingya Muslim minority in Myanmar, in Karachi, Pakistan (Fareed Khan/AP)
Young supporters of Jamaat-e-Islami, a Pakistani religious group, take part in a rally to condemn ongoing violence against the Rohingya Muslim minority in Myanmar, in Karachi, Pakistan (Fareed Khan/AP)

But there several cases that point to anti-personnel land mines or other explosives as the cause of injuries on the border with Bangladesh. Burma has one of the few armies, along with North Korea and Syria, which has openly used anti-personnel land mines in recent years, according to Amnesty. An international treaty in 1997 outlawed the use of the weapons with Bangladesh among the signatories, but Burma opting not to.

Lieutenant Colonel SM Ariful Islam, commanding officer of the Bangladesh border guard in Teknaf, said on Friday he was aware of at least three Rohingya injured in explosions.

Bangladeshi officials and Amnesty researchers believe new explosives have been recently planted, including one that the rights group said blew off a Bangladeshi farmer’s leg and another that wounded a Rohingya man.

Pakistani protesters burn an effigy of Myanmar State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi (K.M. Chaudary/AP)
Pakistani protesters burn an effigy of Myanmar State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi (K.M. Chaudary/AP)

Both incidents occurred on Sunday, while it is reported at least three people including two children were injured in the past week. “It may not be land mines, but I know there have been isolated cases of Myanmar soldiers planting explosives three to four days ago,” Mr Ariful said on Friday.

Burma presidential spokesman did not answer phone calls seeking comment on Sunday.

Military spokesman Myat Min Oo said he couldn’t comment without talking to his superiors, while a major at the Border Guard Police headquarters in northern Maungdaw near the Bangladesh border also refused to comment.

Amnesty said that based on interviews with eyewitnesses and analysis by its own weapons experts, it believes there is “targeted use of landlines” along a narrow stretch of the northwestern border of Rakhine state that is a crossing point for fleeing Rohingya.

“All indications point to the Myanmar security forces deliberately targeting locations that Rohingya refugees use as crossing points,” Amnesty official Tirana Hassan said in a statement on Sunday. She called it “a cruel and callous way of adding to the misery of people fleeing a systematic campaign of persecution”.

Journalists saw new fires burning Thursday in the village that had been abandoned by Rohingya Muslims, and where pages from Islamic texts were seen ripped and left on the ground (AP)
Journalists saw new fires burning Thursday in the village that had been abandoned by Rohingya Muslims, and where pages from Islamic texts were seen ripped and left on the ground (AP)

The violence and exodus began on August 25 when Rohingya insurgents attacked Burmese police and paramilitary posts in what they said was an effort to protect their ethnic minority from persecution by security forces in the majority Buddhist country. In response, the military unleashed what it called “clearance operations” to root out the insurgents.

Accounts from refugees show the Burmese military is also targeting civilians with shootings and wholesale burning of Rohingya villages in an apparent attempt to purge Rakhine state of Muslims.

Burma's Rohingya ethnic minority refugees walk after crossing the Bangladeshi border near Cox Bazar's in the Kanjopara area Bangladesh (Bernat Armangue/AP)
Burma’s Rohingya ethnic minority refugees walk after crossing the Bangladeshi border near Cox Bazar’s in the Kanjopara area Bangladesh (Bernat Armangue/AP)

Bloody anti-Muslim rioting that erupted in 2012 in Rakhine state forced more than 100,000 Rohingya into displacement camps in Bangladesh, where many still live today.

Rohingya have faced decades of discrimination and persecution in Burma and are denied citizenship despite centuries-old roots in the Rakhine region.

Burma denies Rohingya exist as an ethnic group and says those living in Rakhine are illegal migrants from Bangladesh.